硬件检测与驱动适配系统的设计

摘 要

　　Linux 在服务器、嵌入式系统、移动终端系统等许多领域都得到了广泛的应用，但是在桌面计算机领域，却由于 Windows 垄断等客观原因始终难以普及。

　　对桌面计算机用户来说，Linux 的一个严重不足就是硬件驱动支持太少，驱动的安装使用不方便。现有 Linux 操作系统中的硬件检测与驱动适配工具功能单一、界面简陋，无法满足普通用户要求。

　　开源社区 Linux 发行版自带的硬件驱动管理工具 Driver Manage，仅支持nvidia 和 ATI 的闭源显卡驱动安装，目前为止还没有一款 Linux 发行版拥有真正意义的自动化驱动适配工具。本课题主要工作包括：针对 Linux 操作系统相关课题实施现状和应用热点，调研 Linux 下硬件检测机制、外设热插拔原理，设计适应本工具需要的硬件检测方法；对比调研 Windows 下硬件驱动管理工具的操作方式；深入研究 Linux 下驱动适配策略，设计硬件与驱动适配方案；最后在充分研究分析的基础上对硬件检测与驱动适配系统进行实现，功能包括本机/外设驱动检测、驱动安装、驱动更新、驱动备份、驱动还原和驱动卸载，力求为 Linux终端用户解决设备驱动安装困难、升级困难、管理困难等实际问题。

　　本课题实现的硬件检测与驱动适配系统替代原有的硬件驱动管理工具Driver Manage、填补了 Linux 下驱动这一块的短板，同时，在兼顾用户旧有的Windows 操作习惯的基础上达到良好的用户体检，促进了 Linux 桌面计算机操作系统的普及与推广。

　　关键词：Linux，硬件检测，驱动，驱动适配

Abstract

　　Linux has been widely used in many fields, such as server, embedded system, mobile terminal system and so on. However, in the field of desktop computer, it is still difficult to popularize because of the objective reasons such as the monopoly of Windows. For the desktop computer users, a serious shortage of Linux is the hardware driver support is too little, installation and usage of the drivers is not convenient. The existing tools of hardware detection and driver adaptation in Linux operating system have too little functions, and the inerfaces are not friendly, which can not meet the requirements of users.

　　The open source community Linux distribution comes with the hardware driver management tool Driver Manage, closed source graphics only NVIDIA and ATI support the driver installation, there is no automatic which Linux distributions have real meaning of driving adaptation tools. The main work of this paper includes: Based on Linux operating system related project implementation status and application of hot research, Linux hardware detection mechanism, hot swappable peripherals principle, hardware design to adapt to the detecting method of the tool needs; contrast research Windows hardware driver management tool mode of operation; the in-depth study of Linux driver adaptation strategy, hardware design and driving adaptation scheme; finally based on the analysis on the basis of the adaptation and drive system to realize the function of hardware detection, including machine / peripheral driver detection, driver installation, driver updates, drive backup, restore and drive DriverUnload, strive for the user to solve the Linux terminal device driver installation is difficult, difficult to upgrade and management the difficulties.

　　This thesis realized the hardware detection and drive adapter system to replace the original hardware driver management tool Driver Manage, the Linux driver to fill the short board, this one at the same time, the foundation of the old Windows operating habits of users on the user to achieve good examination, promote the popularization and promotion of Linux desktop computer operating system.

　　Key Words: Linux, hardware detection, driver, driver adaptation

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